Aug 22, 2007
Why Do We Yawn?
No one knows why we yawn. There are lots of theories, some talk about it signalling tiredness or getting oxygen to the brain, others mention clearing out stale air from the lungs and reducing blood carbon dioxide levels. Most are baloney. But, one thing that is certain, yawns can be infectious. Catch sight of someone yawning, and nine times out of ten, you will yawn yourself within a few seconds. But, that still doesn’t really answer the question, why do we yawn? Is such an infectious yawn a message to others in the group that it’s time for bed? Probably not, otherwise why yawn first thing on getting out of bed? Either way researchers have found that people with autism spectrum disorder don’t tend to succumb to an infectious yawn.
Atsushi Senju of the Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development at Birkbeck, University of London has shown for the first time that children with some degree of autism are not susceptible to contagious yawning. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disability that severely affects social interaction and communication including empathy. Report published in the August issue of the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.
This would seem an obvious result given that contagious yawning is thought to share similar cognitive and neural mechanisms as empathy.
Senju and colleagues from the University of Tokyo showed videos of people yawning or making mouth movements to 24 children with autism spectrum disorder and to 25 non-ASD children. Both groups of children yawned the same number of times while watching the video of general mouth movements, but the non-ASD children yawned more when watching the video of people yawning.
“This is the first report that a neuropsychological or psychiatric condition can selectively impair contagious yawning, sparing spontaneous yawning,” explains Senju, “Our study confirms the prediction of ‘empathy theory’, by demonstrating that individuals with autism, who show atypical developments in empathy, also show selective impairment in contagious yawning.”
None of this answers the question of why do we yawn in the first place? Apparently, yawning becomes contagious at around one to two years of age, although unborn fetuses also yawn (presumably not contagiously though!) and can be triggered in animals by stimulating the hypothalamus in the brain with injected dopamine, excitatory amino acids, nitric oxide, and neuropeptides. None of this really explains why we yawn. The empathy angle perhaps points to an ancient benefit in group behaviour, but what that benefit is, science does not yet know.
For more on simple experiments and the power of yawn, check out the neuroscience for kids page at Washington U.
By the way, did you notice while reading this whether you yawned? Hopefully, it was not merely boredom that did it…
Im trying to figure out how we could explan yawning is contagious [if it is.] But I cant do that if people dont even know why we yawn. My first step would have to be this, and people dont even have a straight answer. All I really have so far is that there are many scientists that have a lot of very different theories. In some which include, tired, drowsiness, or boredem.
hey guys there is a fact that you heart rate rises by 30% so maybe people yawn because their heart isn’t going fast enough for the activities they are about to do although this doesn’t answer the question if your bored but maybe people do it when they wake up for that reason.
Do animals besides mammals yawn? Do birds or iguanas yawn? I know my cat yawns.
I yawn every time I think about yawning…I yawned 6 times reading this article! :) .
I never said there was something special about human, as opposed to yawning in other animals. If anything it seems to be an innate trait of lots of mammals, although I’m not sure whether I’ve ever seen a pigmy shrew yawn…maybe they do. It could be that yawning is simply a stretch, no more, no less, and perhaps it’s contagious because it acts as a reminder that we should all stretch. But, while dog owners may observe mutual yawn infectiousness, I certainly don’t feel the urge to stretch my back when my dog does her down-face dog posture, and that’s probably just as useful a stretch as a yawn.