The mothematics of female pheromone signaling: strategies for aging virgins.

I was just doing a quick web search to see if anyone else had used my neologism mothematics, turns out they have, so it’s not my neologism at all. It was used in a couple of places before I adopted it for my moths and butterflies galleries, including in the title of a scientific research paper:

The mothematics of female pheromone signaling: strategies for aging virgins.

The paper was written by Umbers, Symonds, and Kokko of the Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions at the Australian National University, in Canberra and published in The American Naturalist in 2015. Quite a provocative title, the paper discusses the cost to female moths in pumping out a pheromone plume to attract a mate. Costs to the female might include the energy and resources costs of the biosynthesis of the pheromones themselves. There might also be unwanted attention from olfactory eavesdroppers, such as parasites and predators who follow the pheromone trail to the female. It is also possible that a pheromone plume might attract too many males. The team suggests that for night-time pheromonal moths, earlier in the night might be optimal.

The team also hinted that younger females might have evolved to signal less intensely, pumping out less pheromone for a shorter time. However, older virgin females become less guarded as they age and will spray their sexual attractant at higher concentration and for longer in an attempt to secure their reproductive success before their time is up.

Do you like good music?

When we’re in our teens, it’s common that we first discover the music we see as our own, discarding the vinyl our parents played, and kicking back on beats to our own tune. For me it was a migration from 60s pop to 70s prog and hard rock. But, when you get to middle age you might find yourself living in some kind of shack and you may ask yourself, well what do I listen to now, as you let the days go by? For me, I’ve revisited many of those “discs” my parents played, but digesting them via a stream of 1s and 0s rather than ass the amplified jitterings of a diamond-tipped needle coursing through the vinyl vein.

And, in turn a huge spectral wall of sound has fed into my own music making as you may well have heard via my BandCamp page. I also like to add a new spin to some of those old favourites, putting together cover versions. What was an endless surprise to me was how the ranking of the cover songs I used to have on SoundCloud ran quite steadily and reflected the longevity of some classic songs. Personally, I love all of them, despite their not fitting into any single niche, indeed they couldn’t be more different, could they, although they’re all basically singing and guitar with percussion? This week, for instance, the Top 5 listens to tracks I’ve racked up are as follows:

Take me home, country roads – John Denver
I’ll Be There – Chic ft. Nile Rodgers
Freewill – Rush
Baker Street – Gerry Rafferty
Solsbury Hill – Peter Gabriel

You’ll notice in at number 2, my cover of the new Chic song (originally recorded and mooted for Sister Sledge back in the day by Nile and Nard), now if you’re uptown, head on downtown, cos that’s where the real funk is at…that song is going to be the most mahusive hit of the summer of 2015, just you watch [UPDATE: It was a number one single! It was also banned by SoundCloud because, fundamentally my version was soooo good!].

There may be treble ahead

A catchy pop song of 2014 had the refrain “I’m all about that bass, no treble” or somesuch throwaway line. The accompanying video, much parodied and pastiched, was popular on teh interwebz and was apparently all about raising body image awareness and itself a pardoy of the modern pop culture in which certain characteristics of the female and male form are emphasised in a modern grotesque..

Anyway, in the spirit of scientific endeavour I did a quick frequency analysis of the song to ascertain whether it really was “all about the bass”. And, guess what? There’s plenty of treble and loads of mid-range frequencies too. Indeed, as you can see from the chart below, at one point in the song there is only very low peaking at the bass end of the audio spectrum. The song, at that point is much more about the treble and plenty about the mids…

all-about-that-bass

Quite bizarrely my tweeting this graphic to DrKiki led to a barage of abuse from a twitter troll, all sub-tweeted after the first addressed tweet. The saddo name for the troll and the fact that they had no followers was also quite bizarre. Their claim was my vaguely (un)funny graphic was the reason no one likes scientists and how we’re all a bunch of…well, you get the picture.

So, is my graphical pastiche of the title of a so-called bubblegum pop song offensive to sociopolitical efforts to remedy almost universal body dysmorphia propagated by the popular media? I really can’t see how (I hadn’t even seen the video until just now, nor listened to the lyrical content other than the refrain) and I’m sure Ms Trainor and her record company would still be laughing all the way to the bank even if it were, given that it was a Grammy-nominated song and one of the biggest-selling tracks of last year, topping the singles charts in 50 countries and selling more than 6 million copies. Yeah, it’s all about that bass, no trouble.

Raising more than the roof at the house of blue lights

In the words of the song “Shed a little light”: There is a feeling like the clenching of a fist, There is a hunger in the center of the chest, There is a passage through the darkness…

I-CAN-HAZ-NOOKIE

As such, this story is one in the eye for all those spammers selling erectile dysfunction drugs as scientists have implanted a light-activated gene into rats that makes a protein involved in sexual arousal.

“With this gene in place,” the team reports in the journal Angewandte Chemie, “the rats make a protein involved in the release of the a synthetic designer guanylate cyclase producing a blue-light-inducible surge of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in mammalian cells.” With this molecular biology in place, shining a light on the rat’s penis triggers and erection or as the team puts it: “Photostimulated short-circuiting of complex psychological, neural, vascular, and endocrine factors to stimulate penile erection in the absence of sexual arousal.” They suggest that this “may foster novel advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.”

Research Blogging IconKim T. (2015). A Synthetic Erectile Optogenetic Stimulator Enabling Blue-Light-Inducible Penile Erection, Angewandte Chemie, DOI:

Creative Commons rat photo adapted from vyctryx (Lauren Harradine)

White Line Warrior

A song of history, chemistry and exploitation, I assume most listeners will get the references…

White line warrior
Heading up the Inca Trail
Silkroad Surfer
Hides behind electric veil

Foothill courier
En route to the promised land
Fuelled with a bitter taste
Torment is in her hand

Global decimation
One in ten, where worlds collide
Find the taker nation
A future lost for lack of pride

Main line quarrier
Digging up the dragon’s tale
Milk wet citizen
Finds the time to read the mail

Timeline warrior
Waking in the promised land
Works with little haste
Though history is in his hands

Global decimation
One in ten, where worlds collide
Find the taker nation
A future lost for lack of pride

Words & Music by David “dB” Bradley
Vocals, Fender and Ibanez electric guitars
Taylor acoustic guitar
Yamaha bass

Drums Klaus “daFunkyDrummer” Tropp

Mixed and mastered by dB

Heads down proggie rock with layers of guitar in the early 80s Rush vein (sans keyboards) and with the awesome Klaus Tropp on drums being the Neil Peart to my Alex Lifeson ;-) Where’s Geddy? Meanwhile, another online buddy Greg Schwaegler has recorded some synth layers and a Moog solo, and you can hear my mix down of that version of my song here. If the original version was some kind of missing link between Permanent Waves and Moving Pictures, then this is definitely the lost tape from Signals, hahaha.

Listen up bat man, this is a sound book

Think of a plant trying to attract a pollinator and the image of brightly coloured flowers with sweet bowls of nectar perhaps come to mind. You might also be aware of the ultraviolet landing strips that guide insects towards the flowers sexy bits where pollen is picked up and deposited. There are even plants the flowers of which resemble female insects and so a libidinous male will attempt to mate unwittingly with the structure and do the pollen transfer business too.

What I didn’t know until I read “The Sound Book” by Trevor Cox is that some plants use, not brightly coloured flowers, but noisy leaves to attract their specific pollinator. The Cuban vine, Marcgravia evenia, stands out aurally from the rainforest crowd. At least to the local bats. The vine produces a ring of flowers on an arching stock and atop the stalk a leaf that is concave and hemispherical hangs over the flowers. This structure reflects the ultrasonic chirps from the bats hunting insects on the wing.

SB-bat-vine

Amazingly, while the vegetation of the rainforest presents to the bat a complicated soundscape of endless echoes that shimmer and shake as it flies through the trees, that convex vine leaf is a steady signal. No matter at what angle the bat flies past, it can sense the vine as the chirps are focused by the leaf. Marc Holderied of Bristol University, UK, and colleagues have confirmed (in 2011, it was all over the science news, how did I miss it?) that the bats benefit from the presence of these leaves in the rainforest, finding food twice as fast in areas where the vine grows than when there are none. For its part, the plant increases its chances of being pollinated by being a focus of the chiropterine aviators who also benefit from a tasty supply of nectar from the ring of flowers.

How could you not want to read a book that reveals such a wonder? Cox, who acoustically engineers classrooms and concert halls for a living reveals many more exotic noises: creaking glaciers, whispering galleries, stalactite organs, musical roads, humming dunes, seals that sound like alien angels, and a Mayan pyramid that chirps like a bird. Listen up, this is a book worth reading.

The Sound Book: The Science of the Sonic Wonders of the World Paperback (2015) Trevor Cox, Published by W. W. Norton & Co; ISBN-10: 0393350584 ISBN-13: 978-0393350586.

Oh, my days!

I’m writing this on St Patrick’s Day, which is also apparently Happy Song Day, Sunday just gone was Mothering Sunday (or Mother’s Day if you want just the commercialized, non-religious version), it’s not long since it was St George’s Day, on which some English people celebrate a Palestinian mercenary from the fourth century who supposedly killed a mythical beast. Earlier in the month (first Thursday of March), the UK alone celebrated World Book Day to avoid a clash with the school Easter holidays (which come with Good Friday, Easter Day and Bank Holiday Monday, of course). The rest of the world will celebrate World Book Day with UNESCO on the 23rd of April.

International Women’s Day was the 8th March, although why women only get a single day of the annual 365 (and a bit) I don’t know. 14th March in the American calendar is Pi day, because it is 3.14 and this year it was even more special because the year is 2015, you can work it out for yourself. In the UK, where we usually write the day first and then the month (followed by the year, it’s more logical) we will have the longest wait for our pi day, which should occur on the 31st April (hat-tip to fellow science journalist Russ Swan for that witticism). American chemists also get “mole day”, which starts at 6:02am on the 23rd of October to give them an excuse to write something akin to Avogadro’s number 6.02 x 10^23. The American Chemical Society extends this concept to have Chemistry Week.

There are countless organizations and festivals touting for our attention, countless saints, religious periods, charity “flag” days, international advocacy day, Christmas Day, Pancake Tuesday, St Valentine’s Day. These days, Facebook reminds us endlessly to wish all our “friends” a Happy Birthday, of which there is inevitably at least one or two every day of the year and recently, 7 friends claimed to be celebrating their birthday. Personally, I fake my birthday on websites for the sake of security, so social media thinks I am well into my second century now and I noticed with interest that Apple allows its online registrants to set a birthday as far back as 1847, which is optimistic, unless the company knows something we don’t. The list of days is endless, seemingly not a day goes by without the day being a “day day”.

Here in Cambridge, we’re in the middle of the annual science festival. It used to be “science week”, but it was always a week earlier than the other science weeks around the country, now it last two weeks, just because, and overlaps with those others.

Whole years get in on the act too, of course, this year it’s both the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies and the International Year of Soils. Last year was the International Year of Crystallography and the International Year of Family Farming and more, at least according to the United Nations. 2016 will be the year of camelids (you know, camels, llamas, alpacas?) as well as the year of pulses, not the arterial type, lentils and beans.

The 1990s was the decade of the brain, at least as designated by former US president George W Bush, An irony not lost on many a wit. Currently, we’re in the decade of the mind, which lasts until 2022.

Admittedly, ever since we first spotted the regularity of the periods of light and dark, the phases of the moons and the changing of the seasons, we have broken up our lives into temporal units. There is no escape. I never wear a watch, but I do have a clock in view at all times on my laptop or my phone, I stick to deadlines, of a Friday evening the Sun will usually wend its way over the yardarm. But, in the absence of an annual “Day of Materials” to celebrate our polymers, our composites, our porous minerals, our semiconductors, our biomimetics, our carbon allotropes and so much more, could have just one day of the year that isn’t a “day day”. We could call it International Day of Not Being a Day Day” and sell flags to raise money for charity and have bloggers write about it and posters on public transport. Oh. Hold on…

The hormone’s on the wall

Molecular astrophysicist “Invader Xan” just posted a photo on Twitter showing a chemical structure painted on the wall at Schloss Ringberg. It looked like a steroid hormone to me and Invader, but were weren’t sure which. It didn’t take more than a minute or so for me to draw it on the emolecules site and do a quick search: 17-acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopent a[a]phenanthren-3-one, better known as progesterone or pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione a hormone involved in menstruation, pregnancy, embryogenesis in humans and other species.

invader-xan-steroid

Grammar numpty flowchart

We’ve all been there…spotted a typo in someone’s tweet, an unfortunate autocorrection, bad grammar, misused apostrophes, their instead of there, tragic spelling mistakes. Grammar and spelling are important, of course. But, is it your place to correct your fellow twitter users? Maybe they’re on a crowded commuter train and simply desperate to share that photo of a sleeping passenger dribbling over The Times crossword, maybe they have other things on their mind (Instagramming their food, yelling (virtually) whassup via WhatsApp, liking something unlikeable on Facebook, etc etc). Either way, don’t get labelled a grammar numpty, use this hand flowchart to help you decide whether to interject when you spot a typo or other error…

grammar-numpty-flowchart