Woodpecker feeding chicks in a tree

Yet another haul of great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) photos today. The best of the bunch has to be this one of an adult (the male of the pair nesting in this tree, his name is Jarvis) returning to the chicks with a beak stuffed with juicy grubs. These birds breed in holes excavated in trees, as you probably guessed, their nests are unlined apart from a bit of wood chip. It is rare that woodpeckers are ever called Deborah, although, the female pictured below is for obvious reasons.

The female (which lacks the scarlet patch on the back of its neck will usually lay four to six glossy white eggs and both parents incubate the eggs, feed the chicks once hatched, and keep the nest clean (more about that in a later post). When the chicks fledge the adults will continue to look after them for about ten days, with one parent taking responsibility for one part of the brood, the other the remainder.

Female orange tip has no orange tips

Out on my usual birdspotting walk with the dog (if that’s not an oxymoron). Lots of willow warblers around singing to the skies, skylarks in the skies, singing, and some flighty balls of feathers of which I didn’t quite catch sight until I got my big zoom pointed at them. One turned out to be a male linnet in full blush, t’others were meadow pipits perching to watch for predators and photographers.

Then there were the butterflies…lots of what I assumed were small whites (Pieris rapae) but when I got home and viewed the shots on my desktop screen one of them seemed to have a William Morris print on the underwing. I posted it on Facebook and asked if anyone could ID it. AlphaGalileo’s Peter Green was quick to point out that it is actually a female orange tip butterfly (Anthocharis cardamines), which as you can see from this big zoom shot that I’ve cropped quite tightly doesn’t have orange tips to it’s wings unlike the male orange tip butterfly pictured on my 500px page. Sexual dimorphism it is called when the male looks very different or has other characteristics not seen in the female. I should’ve guessed, there were several females around but there was a male in the same locale…presumably with the birds and the bees on their minds.

Astonishing creature that I hope my 600mm zoom and crop does some justice to, look at her proboscis feeding on nectar from that blossom. And, look at that William Morris print…they should call it the Arts & Crafts butterfly.

Laburnum trees are poisonous to people and dogs

TL:DR – My late mother always warned me away from poisonous trees when I were a child, as mothers tend to do. Laburnum was high on the list.


Laburnum (Laburnum anagyroides), a small deciduous tree with pea-like, golden yellow flowers densely packed in pendulous racemes, sweet scented, and typically blossom in May (although the specimen growing in our back garden and the ones in our neighbour’s garden bloomed in the middle of April. The tree has smooth bark, dark green spreading branches and pendulous twigs, trifoliate and oval with long petiole leaves, smooth on the upperside and hairy on the underside.

The black seeds contain cytisine, an extremely toxic alkaloid. Poisonous to humans, dogs, goats, and horses. Hare and deer can feed on them with no ill effects though. However, all parts of laburnum including the bark contain cytisine and are poisonous if consumed and may cause a reaction on contact with the skin.

Cytisine is also known as baptitoxine and sophorine. Chemically, it is similar to nicotine and has been used medically to assist with smoking cessation in Eastern Europe. It is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. Not a good idea to test it out if you want to quit the ciggies, you might end up quitting forever.

Cytisine’s IUPAC systematic chemical name is:

(1R,5S)-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1,5-methano-8H-pyrido[1,2a][1,5]diazocin-8-one

Great spotted update

Earlier in the year, I snapped and blogged about the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in local woodland. Recently, there has been a lot more activity and there are at least two pairs around. I suspected one pair was using a dead tree with lots of big holes in its trunk and by chance spotted one bird clambering up towards one of those holes before disappearing inside. It emerged a few seconds later after peering cautiously from the hole before darting across the field and beyond the tall hedgerow, presumably in search of more food for its chicks. Meanwhile parent two arrived a few moments later, at some times the pair were both in attendance.

Grey wagtail – Motacilla cinerea

A couple of weeks ago I spotted a pair of grey wagtails (Motacilla cinerea) feeding at Bottisham Lock on the river Cam at Waterbeach, a few miles north of Cambridge. I was rather pleased to have snapped them in the evening sun. Several weeks later I saw the female foraging a few hundred metres further down river at the pumping station that helps control the flow of water along the lode there to the village of Bottisham itself. She was flitting about on the accumulated debris at the smaller lock on to the lode where river plants and detritus at accumulated, snatching at invertebrates, flies, mayflies, beetles, crustacea, and molluscs. The male will also assist in caring for chicks, although I didn’t see him on this expedition. Interestingly, the female may also lay a second clutch, leaving the male to look after the first brood.

Presumably she has chicks to feed now and was hurriedly stuffing her beak ready to head back to her nest. The species always nests among stones and roots on the embankment of moving water, rivers, streams, but might also exploit man-made structures too, such as locks and canals.

More British Birds

I’m endessly amazed at just how many different birds there are around if you care to look and have the patience to prowl around woodland, fen, mountain and moor, and the coastal margins. Of course, there are endless sparrows and chaffinchs, starlings, blackbirds, thrushes, robins, goldfinches, collared doves, wood pigeons and the like in our gardens. But there also wheatears, meadow pippets, cormorants, swallows, house martins, sand martins, swifts, sparrowhawks, willow warblers, chiffchaffs, jays, whitethroats, kingfishers, turnstones, stonechats, redwings, fieldfares, wagtails (pied and yellow), redstarts, buzzards, red kites, kestrels, mistle thrushes, marsh harriers goldcrests, lapwings, dunnocks, swans (mute and whooper), mallards, pochards, jackdaws, rooks, egrets (great and little), reed buntings, linnets, grey herons, and so many more…

Check out my British Bird gallery here. I usually manage to add at least a couple of new species each week and if not new species then at least a new angle on an old favourite.

Pictured below is the second Garrulus glandarius I’ve snapped recently…jay 2 oh, you might say…

Most of these were photographed with a Canon 6D sporting a Sigma 150-600mm zoom lens. Some of the earlier ones were snapped with a Canon 20D with various slightly less prominent lenses.

Delia Derbyshire pioneered electronic music

Electronic music pioneer Delia Derbyshire, perhaps best known for creating the haunting theme music for Doctor Who based on Ron Grainer’s original composition, would’ve been 80 today, she died in July 2001. Derbyshire’s work at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop laid the foundations for modern experimental recording and sound manipulation techniques, she sampled and re-sampled with tape, used delays, sequencing, loops, minimalism, the lot.

Quite extraordinary experimentalist and technologist, a trailblazer who even managed to turn the Greenwich pips into a piece of music, long before highly repetitive musical figures and sequences had been employed by Pink Floyd, Mike Oldfield, Steve Hillage, and later the hiphop generation.

Reed buntings and bearded reedlings

On a visit to WWT Welney, Welney Wetland Centre, at the beginning of the year Mrs Sciencebase and I, we were introduced to a couple of new bird species by more experienced birders there: the reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) and the bearded tit (Panurus biarmicus). I don’t think either of us had knowingly seen these species before. Picture directly below are a female (left) and a male (right) reed bunting. (July 2017 UPDATE: That said, there are reed buntings on the cornfields adjacent to where we often walk the dog, so we may have seen them over the last 10 years without really noticing them).

We were in a hide at the centre watching the reed buntings flitting about and I was trying to get a decent snap of both male and female, when a new entrant in the hide pointing out a male kestrel perched on a post outside the hide, said: “Oh, you want to get a shot of that one!” It was the bearded tit…also known as the bearded reedling, it was hard to home in on him, but after several attempts he stopped for a minute on his vertical asymmetric bars and let me get a few shots.

According to Wikipedia, the bearded reedling is a small, sexually dimorphic reed-bed passerine (perching) bird. It does have some resemblance to the long-tailed tit but its “bearded” is more like a pair of front-facing sideburns (mutton chops) rather than a beard as it doesn’t join under the birds beak. Oh, and it’s also sometimes called a bearded parrotbill.

July 2017 UPDATE: I’ve seen and photographed endless reed buntings over the last few weeks and months at various reserves and just in open countryside too (and in the marginal wooded area along the fen drains). Apparently, there are bearded tits at NT Wicken Fen, we’re yet to see any others than the ones we saw at the beginning of the year in WWT Welney.

UPDATE: 2019 discovered that quite a few Beardies at RSPB Ouse Fen (also known to be at RSPB Fen Drayton)

A Brief History of the Moon

The Moon was in its first quarter phase earlier this week. Looking beautiful, hanging in the sky, at dusk. If I see it, I snap it. So, with my trust camera and a biggish lens (150-600m), I fired off a couple of shots. Cropped the image straight out of the camera to “zoom” in even further and to give the shot a nice composition, adjusted the histogram using curves in my photo editor, applied a little sharpening (actually an unsharp mask process) and a couple of other tweaks, just as one would in the darkroom with wet photography and an enlarger.

I posted the shot to social media and got a few complimentary comments and one sci-curious question from a physicist friend, Richard Gymer:

I reckon the smallest craters that I can see on your photo are about 20 km diameter, and the largest - that suspiciously round 'sea' - is over 600 km in size...

What did he mean by “suspiciously round”, I wondered:

The scientist in me looks at the way the craters are distributed and says, 'The largest craters are under smaller craters: maybe the distribution of size of objects landing on tyhe moon has changed with time? The most recent events have been getting smaller. And we know that crater formation is a (mercifully) rare event on Earth these days. When were these craters formed?

He wasn’t having an Archimedean “Eureka!” moment, but more of an Asimovian “That’s funny!”* I had a quick look for a NASA video showing the potted and pock-marked history of the Moon and found this nice evolution, showing its early cooling (when it should also be shown being bombarded), through the early, massive bombardment with large objects, and eventually bombardment with smaller asteroids and other objects, leaving the moon as we see it today. Who can remember the last time a large space rock hit the moon?

*By the way, nobody is sure whether the quote “The most exciting phrase in science is not “Eureka!”, but “that’s funny!” was Isaac Asimov, perhaps even Alexander Fleming, or neither.

Whitethroat – Sylvia communis

Sylvia isn’t a communist, as far as I know…she’s a wee bird…yes, I know another one. More to the point, this Sylvia is a male. Spotted him darting around the reeds on the Cottenham Lode. Made the dog sit still and then stalked him so I could get a better shot…several snaps, none great, one in flight then he was up a tree away from the reeds and wondering what on earth I was up to.





Medium-sized warbler, sam sort of size as a great tit (Parus major), summer visitor to the UK; spending the northern winter in sub-Saharan Africa. S communis avoids urban and mountainous areas (so unlikely to see it an a city of the Scottish highlands.