Chirality – panda thumb

The chirality of life, an issue I’ve discussed on numerous occasions in these and other pages, emerges as yet another source of pseudo-science for the intelligent design lobby. Apparently, the bias in handedness among the molecules of life – amino acids, DNA, etc, could not have arisen spontaneously without a guiding hand…

An interesting discussion on this very subject is underway at The Panda’s Thumb blog, it will be interesting to see where it leads. However, my own interviews with chemists on this subject over the years point to a wide range of natural phenomena that could have led to the emergence of the chiral bias with no need to invoke a supernatural hand.

Beating metals

Ever since the Iron Age, we have known that beating certain metals repeatedly makes them harder, but have not until now understood exactly why. US researchers have discovered finally that three is a magic number in this process in which defects known as dislocations get knotted toughening up the battered metal. Vasily Bulatov and colleagues at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, realized that the standard explanation for metal hardening was ignoring a key element. Find out more…

Top Ten and Bottom Ten Foods

Steve Feld, Editor of the ThinkQuest NYC Newsletter emailed to tell me about a multilingual collaboration going by the name of “Ten Best Foods Ten Worst Foods”. The site has been designated a Learning Fountain and a USA Today Educator’s Best Bet, and for good reason. It was also featured as a Good HouseKeeping Site of the Day and was selected as a Seven Wonders of the Web and featured in the Edutopia Newsletter!

The site, created by inner students, tackles the growing problem of childhood obesity head on by providing children with information on foods that are healthy and those to avoid. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the past 20 years, and leads to a variety of health problems as a result of dangerous diets.

Children need to switch to healthy foods in order to avoid heart disease and raised blood pressure. This project looks at the best foods to eat to manage weight and cure common ailments and then identifies the worst foods which have become all to prevalant in society.

“The students involved in this exploration were fascinated to learn how their lives could be enhanced by selecting natural foods and be able to prevent common ailments,” Feld told me, “They were also delighted to learn how to create a self-scoring quiz to provide site visitors with a vehicle to demonstrate acquired knowledge.”

The two side by side top-tens make interesting reading with watermelon and pine nuts the top two foods, apparently, followed by lean meat. In the worst foods are the usual french fries, hamburgers, and cheesecake. But, they also single out a specific brand of chicken soup, of which I’m a bit dubious, I’m sure any brand of canned soup is going to have just about the same level of health effects as any other give or take a pinch of salt. I’m also curious as to why lean meat is listed, by that do they mean roast chicken as opposed to a fatty lamb cutlet or something else?

One of the foods they list is specific by brand – Campbell’s “red-and-white-label” condensed soups. These are rather high in salt, with half a can providing a person’s daily quota of sodium chloride. Of course, you don’t eat the soup undiluted, so it’s a bit unfair that this company is being singled out for their condensed soups. That said, public awareness has persuaded Campbell to offer a healther option, so the company must have been concerned to some degree themselves.

It’s the foods that heal page with which I am a little more concerned and it seems the students obtained their background information on this from a book on nutrition!

The claims for apples, for instance, would certainly suggest the fruit has a role in daily physician attendance, saying that they protect your heart, prevent constipation, block diarrhoea, improve lung capacity, and cushions joints. Similar claims are made for a whole range of other “natural” foods from peanuts to yogurt. Do strawberries really improve memory and mangoes protect against Alzheimer’s disease? Certainly, prunes are renowned for preventing constipation, but to a susceptible bowel they can achieve the other extreme! But, “olive oil protects your heart”, is not an unequivocal scientific research. There is evidence that the phenols in red wine beloved of the Mediterranean regions that purportedly have lower heart disease could explain the lower incidence of heart disease in France, for instance, but it might just be down to garlic, or olive oil, or hard water, or that more people die younger of liver disease before their hearts pack up!

Don’t get me wrong, the general message from the site is great and nicely put across, it really isn’t the fault of the students if their source of information makes general sweeping statements regarding individual foods. The general message of eat healthy and avoid the burgers is the crucial point. I just hope readers don’t leave the site with the feeling that an apple and a mango a day is all they need do to stay healthy, whereas the truth seems to lie, not in assuming specific foods can stave off ill health, but in having a varied diet that has excesses of no one food type, and generally avoids those associated strongly with particular problems such as fatty red meat with bowel cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Feld also tells me that, “The multi-lingual aspect of the site was translated into French and Romanian by our international peers to attract ESL learners.”

Spyware White Paper

The full impact of spyware has not yet been seen, individuals may suffer person computer slow down and loss of personal information to some corporate database, but in business spyware can be a far more insidious threat. Keeping your organization spyware free is essential and according to Surfcontrol’s White Paper on the subject (available for free download from Sciencebase) requires a comprehensive, multi-layered approach.

Organizations are waking up to the spyware epidemic, but many are still addressing it with point-solutions and treating it as an isolated problem. In reality, it can cost billions in compromised security, network resources, productivity, and even legal liability. This white paper explores the full impact of spyware in the enterprise, and outlines an aggressive, multi-layered approach to not only remove it from the workplace, but deny its admittance entirely.

Obesity in pregnancy

expectant mothers who are overweight or obese could be putting their own health and the health of their unborn child at risk, according to UK researchers published in a report today by researchers at the University of Teesside’s School of Health & Social Care. The report is available at http://www.tees.ac.uk/schools/SOH/obesity_maternal.cfm

Carolyn Summerbell, who heads the University of Teesside’s Centre for Food, Physical Activity and Obesity Research, reviewed some of the clinical issues related to caring for obese pregnant mothers. ‘We’re not trying to blame or stigmatize obese pregnant mothers and we would certainly not recommend that overweight mums-to-be go on crash diets. But our initial findings show reasons for concern with obese pregnant mothers, and there is a lack of weight management guidance and support readily available for them’

Lead researcher Nicola Heslehurst said the research team was alerted to the growing problem by anecdotal evidence from midwives and other staff in maternity units in the region who are increasingly concerned about the apparent increase in the number of women who were obese at the start of their pregnancy.

‘Doctors and midwives in the region have expressed concerns about the increase in complications that can arise when mums are obese. One of the problems is that sometimes you can’t see the ultrasound scan of the baby properly in obese pregnant women and this can lead to clinical problems as well as being upsetting for the parents who are not able to see a picture of their baby’.

Dr Judith Rankin, Associate Director of the Regional Maternity Survey Office (RMSO) and a partner in the study, said: ‘This research will help to inform the [UK’s National Health Service] NHS about the changes needed to the way service delivery is carried out and how the information is collected.’

‘While this is clearly a serious issue, we don’t want to do anything that will encourage pregnant women who are obese to go on a crash diet during pregnancy. What they should do is try to eat a healthy diet during pregnancy and then lose weight after their child is born and before they have their next child,’ she said.

Black holes are green

The environmental impact of black holes is perhaps a distant and esoteric concept, unless you’re waiting for part 2 of the latest Doctor Who story, but US astronomers have used the latest observations of nine black holes with NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory to estimate directly the efficiency of black holes. Their calculations show that black holes are perhaps the most fuel efficient engines in the universe, with a remarkably high fraction of the energy they consume being converted into work. Read on in the latest issue of our physical sciences webzine – Spotlight.

Tequila time!

Back online after a short break and catching up with my various articles that have published while I was away!

So, in the latest issue of Reactive Reports you can read about a testing times for tequila, whether celebrating Cinco de Mayo or just having another relaxing day in Margaritaville. The new chemical test could be the assurance you need that the bottle you’re downing is genuine tequila. Also in this issue, we find out how to test the byproducts of cell death, get the fizz on the benzene in soft drinks story, and follow the life and times of cheminformatics expert Wendy Warr.

Elemental Discoveries – the first chemistry webzine 1995-

This is the old Current Issue page for David Bradley’s Elemental Discoveries, which he launched in December 1995 and ran as part of sciencebase.com when it was launched in July 1999. Below is an archive of titles up to June 2006 issue. You can get more up-to-date listings of science articles here.

                                          

To celebrate a decade on the web, I re-launched Elemental Discoveries as an all-new Science News and Blog section within Sciencebase. You can grab our RSS newsfeed to keep up to date, or pick a specific subject feed to get just those posts in your area of interest, whether that’s astronomy, chemistry, sex, or whatever. Below you will find our selection of the best of the blog each month archived up to June 2006.

Archives:

In Issue 93:
June 2006
Coffee and alcoholThe erotic brainSperm and eggs

In Issue 92:
May 2006
Llama Caffeine Dip TestTaxol to a T, Artificial Sweeteners and Cancer, Zoo Poo

In Issue 91:
April 2006
Sex Gets Up Women’s NosesCarbon NanosheetsInterview with Martin Walker

In Issue 90:
March 2006
Critical Trials TGN1412Interview with Steve BryantBlack Eyed Peas

In Issue 89:
February 2006
Loud music and ecstasyUber PlutoFace OffSporty Nanotubes

 

In Issue 88:
January 2006
Keep Eating Your GreensPromise of a Rain GardenSay NO to Straddling Molecules, , Review: Avoiding a Hacking Nightmare
This is the archive of the original Elemental Discoveries as it operated from Spring 1996 until the beginning of 2006:

In Issue 87:
December 2005
Father Christmas Research – seasonal family trees
Healthy Pregnancy – Pregnant women should exercise more
Asthma Treatment (ebook) – asthma relief

In Issue 86:
November 2005
Massive black hole – is it or isn’t it?
How to avoid colds and flu – perfectly timed perennial tips
Women in Science – Short review of the story of Dorothea Bate, unearthed

In Issue 85:
October 2005
Bird flu symptoms – why shouldn’t all get in a flap over avian influenza (just yet)

In Issue 84:
September 2005
Scientific Research in the Past – What do museum researchers get up to

In Issue 83:
August 2005
Weights and Measures – Understanding changing fundamental constants

In Issue 82:
June-July 2005
Corporate Academia – science at the commercial end from the people who straddle the divide
Movie physics – science at the movies from the people who put it there
Extreme science – science at the extremities from the people who know

In Issue 81:
May issue of Elemental Discoveries
Automated image sorting – software that does for pictures what OCR does for text
Embargoed news story – revisiting an old issue

In Issue 80:
April 2005 Mechanism of muscle contraction
Adenosine triphosphatemuscle and myosin
h2h TV
Topics in Thermodynamics
Drugs on the internet

In Issue 79:
March 2005 Folding Protein Sensors
X-ray Movies
Material comforts for cyclists.

 

In earlier issues:
Digging in the dirt – liquid crystals under the illuminating gaze of the Advanced Photon Source
Ibogaine against alcohol and drug addiction – cure-all or hallucinogenic red herring
The latest physics research – into Einstein’s Brownian motion
Spyware, trojans and worms – computer security and viral updates
Envirox fuel catalyst – UK bus fleet equipped with “green” catalyst
Active galactic nuclei – quasars, black holes and galaxies, Royal Society report from David Bradley
Dissecting the atom – Research at ANL’s APS – annual report entry by David Bradley

Catalytic clues – More ANL APS scientific results
SAXS and the water channel – Ditto
Are films ferroelectric? – Yes, according to APS results
Discipline for gold nanocrystals – More good science at the Advanced Photon Source
X-rays shed light on machinery of photosynthesis – another? Yes!
Engineering a solution for gene therapy with plasmid DNA – One more, for now.
Epilepsy research update Guest writer Michael Marshall the epilepsy’s window on the brain
Does the MMR vaccine cause autism? Michael Marshall clarifies the controversy.
More medical news headlines here.
Distribution, that’s the name of the game – Distributed, or Grid, computing
Contractual Obligation – An increasing trend towards the all too casual employment
A hands-on approach to forensic science – The examination of handwritten documents
Deep-sea exploration – How do scientists cope under pressure? In the depths of the ocean?
The growing problem of biopiracy – Attempts to patent and commercialise
Accidents will happen – human reactions to chemicals and biological reagents
Predicting climate change – As carbon dioxide levels double